Forced Ranking Essay

Would you recommend that an employer use a forced distribution approach to performance appraisals? I would recommend a forced distribution list to organizations that are large in size and are looking to create a process oriented approach. About 20% of Fortune 1,000 companies and growing are using this approach. â€Å"Some say forced ranking is not only the best method, but an essential practice to turn a struggling company into a market-dominating one.† (Bates, 2003) This approach is the best way to identify your high performing individuals and also the bottom performs who should be helped out. The high performers should be given promotions, financial incentives and training to grow within the company. A leadership development program can also be started after identifying the high performers. The low performers should be put on a performance improvement plan to get help. Low performers are not automatically fired for being in one bracket – warnings should always be given first. It should be looked at as a development tool. Forced ranking engages the manager to provide assessments of employees and forces them to communicate the tough stuff with their employees. It holds the managers accountable for their workforce. â€Å"The great value of using a forced ranking process doesn’t result merely from plunking people into different buckets,† he says. â€Å"The payoff comes from the action that is taken with each person following the assessment sessions.† (Bates, 2003) What are the Pro’s and Con’s? Pros: Creates and sustains a high-performance culture. Employees know where they stand at all times and if they are not performing well they can be given the opportunity for improvement using a performance appraisal system. For the high performing employees they are rewarded and motivated to continue performing. â€Å"Lets employees know where they stand. One of the common complaints from employees is about the lack of feedback on their performance. Forced ranking sends a clear message as to how people stand, or fall† (Sprenkle, 2002). The systems forces managers to have tough conversations with direct reports they may have been avoided. There is a  more disciplined approach to the management process. Managers cannot ignore performance issues with this approach. Can easily match employee performance to compensation and year-end bonus. Can motivate employees to increase their performance if they know that their compensation depends on this. (Lipman, 2012) Cons: Employees are going to want feedback more regularly to make sure they are performing well. â€Å"Some companies really do have a lot of high performers, so forced ranking eliminates great people and damages the culture.† (Bersin, May) If an employee is surprised by their rating they will most likely be demotivated. â€Å"A study by Drake University professor Steve Scullen, shows that forced ranking loses its effectiveness after a couple of years, since the average quality of workers increases and there are fewer â€Å"C† players to identify.† (Alsever, 2008)Can create a competitive environment that does not encourage team work. More likely to have discrimination lawsuits References: Alsever, J. (2008, May 1). CBS Money Watch. Retrieved from What Is Forced Ranking?: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-forced-ranking/ Bates, S. (2003, June 1). SHRM. Retrieved from HR Magazine: Forced Rankling : http://www.shrm.org/Publications/hrmagazine/EditorialContent/Pages/0603bates.aspx Bersin, J. (May, 6 2013). Forbes. Retrieved from Time to Scrap Performance Appraisals?: http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2013/05/06/time-to-scrap-performance-appraisals/ Lipman, V. (2012, July 19). Forbes. Retrieved from The Pros And Cons Of Forced Rankings: A Manager’s Perspective: http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2012/07/19/the-pros-and-cons-of-forced-rankings-a-managers-perspective/ Sprenkle, L. (2002, June 20). Workforce. Retrieved from Forced Ranking – A Good Thing for Business?: http://www.workforce.com/articles/forced-ranking-a-good-thing-for-business

“A business report of E-commerce for VG Jones”

Electronic commerce on the Internet will, before the end of the century, profoundly redefine many basics of business.A fundamental new rule for business is that the Internet changes everything. Internet-driven electronic commerce is essential for organizations entering a virtual distribution marketplace and wishing to survive in it.Just as â€Å"location, location, location† defines value in real estate, in business today it's connectivity that equals competitiveness.Many Information Superhighway enthusiasts believe that networks of small firms or individuals constitute a new organizational form that will prove its superiority to both large, hierarchical corporations, on the one hand, and anarchical market relationships, on the other.Millions of consumers and businesses are waiting in line to participate in the expansion of intergalactic and gigantic virtual marketplaces.Most organizations now must compete in two marketplaces: a physical (traditional) one and the emerging elec tronic one, mediated by the Internet. The electronic highway is not merely open for business; it is relocating, restructuring, and literally redefining business in America.2Analysis of Amazon.comAmazon.com Advantage is a proven and powerful means of distribution and order fulfillment. Work directly with the Internet's leading retailer to market your products to customers.11Access to tens of millions of Amazon.com customers around the world Leverage Amazon's remarkable selling power with your whole catalog — including Not Yet Released and backlist itemsYour titles are eligible for Amazon's world-class marketing programs like personalization and auto-merchandisingYour products are available to ship to customers within 24 hours Control most aspects of your product's Detail PagesReceive quick and easy payments when your products sellEnjoy limited returns Support from our member services team 7 days a week Log in to your online account to confirm POs, add titles, and review sales reportsLaunched in 1996, Associates is Amazon.com's affiliate marketing program. By linking to Amazon products and services you can add compelling content for your site visitors enjoyment and receive up to 8.5% in referral fees for doing so.As one of the first online affiliate marketing programs, Associates has a 10-year track record of developing solutions to help website owners, Web developers, and Amazon sellers make money. Our latest innovations include aStore, Omakaseâ„ ¢ Links, and Product Previews.Current participants in the Amazon Associates program include large, well-known sites, niche content sites and blogs, comparison shopping engines, search engine marketers, and everything in between. Visit our Current Associates page to see how some of these members are using our solutions.How the Program WorksAssociates drive internet traffic to Amazon.com through specially formatted links that allow us to track sales and other activity. Associates earn up to 8.5% in referral fee s on all qualifying revenue made through their links. We send quarterly payment to Associates. Once you join the program, we will give you access to Associates Central, our extranet exclusive to our Associates.This is the place where you will build your links, view your traffic and earnings reports, and read about the latest news and opportunities available to you through the program. 11Participation is Easy and FreeComplete the online application.Create & post your links to Amazon.com using our Build Links tool in Associates Central.Begin tracking your traffic and earnings reports online. Reports are updated daily.Put Amazon.com Corporate Accounts to work for you! Whether you're a purchasing manager, teacher or professor, small business owner, librarian, clergy member, or government worker, our Corporate Accounts program enables you to purchase everything you need quickly, easily, and conveniently.For a limited time, we're offering mylar jackets for no additional cost. To take adva ntage of this offer, simply use the coupon code, OKUTFCMX, when placing your order. Amazon can now integrate with major procurement systems like Ariba, SAP, Oracle and PeopleSoft. You can now have a customized Amazon website that fits your Intranet look and feel with a seamless integration to your procurement system.11

Payroll questions assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Payroll questions - Assignment Example Claiming these tax credits will save the taxpayer hundreds of dollars when doing their income taxes. Whereas lieu in notice is more like compensatory damages where there is a breach of contract, the working notice is considered as an implied term in the contract of employment. The lieu of notice, in addition, will make it harder for the employee to find alternate employment (Opie 33). Legislated notice of individual termination requirements in Quebec differ from those in Manitoba in that a minimum notice period of 2 weeks is required where an employee in Quebec is employed for 1 to 5 years, while in Manitoba the same period is required but for employees working for 1 to 3 years (Opie 35). There are benefits to including the payroll in collective agreement negotiations for unionized organizations in that it will provide for payroll deductions of fair share payment, labor organization dues, assessments, and initiation fees (Opie 49). In case the collective agreement is either terminated or continues beyond its expiration date prior to negotiating a successor agreement, the employer will continue to abide by and honor any dues deductions contained in the previous agreement. This will avoid cases where employees wish to revoke unilaterally deductions when the collective agreement expires (Opie 49). The employer in Alberta is responsible solely for personal information under their control or custody, while an employer in British Columbia would be responsible for personal information under their control, which also includes personal information not in their custody (Opie 61). In addition, an employer in British Columbia is required to avail information to the public regarding the position title of all employees delegated under subsection (4) or designated under subsection (3) and contact information for employees indicated in paragraph (a) (Opie 63). This is not required for employers in

How do perception cognition and emotion affect negotiation Assignment

How do perception cognition and emotion affect negotiation - Assignment Example More often than not, perception can lead to various perceptual distortions that can affect the outcome of any negotiation and the times it can be in a negative way or error in subsequent communication. This is because perception depends on the perceiver’s present state of mind and comprehension Stereotyping, Halo effect, Selective Perception, and Projection are all perceptual distortions that in a given any negotiation environment and can lead to erroneous communication and build predispositions that will affect the outcome of a particular negotiation. Cognition is a common tendency to obtain process information by filtering it through a person’s own dislike, like and experiences. In other words, it is an irrational escalation of a commitment. Cognitive bias just like perception has a negative effect on negotiation, and a good negotiator should always develop skills to manage it. Negotiator should be aware that cognitive biases and misperceptions that occurs as he gather and process information and outline them in a structured manner within his team and with his counterparts. In addition, careful discussion of the issues during negotiation and preference can minimize the outcomes of perceptual biases. This is critical aspects and if not properly checked may lead to a negative outcome of a negotiation. In addition, it is important to consider when and how to interact in order think properly while trying to comprehend information around our environment to enhance negotiation. Closely related to these aspects are the various t ypes of cognitive biases that may result in an outcome of in negotiations: Irrational escalation of commitment, overconfidence, anchoring and adjustment, availability of information, issue framing and risk the winner’s curs, the law of small numbers, endowment effect, self-serving biases, reactive devaluation, ignoring others’ cognitions.

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Logistics - Essay Example The essay intends to determine how supply chain capabilities of Johnstons of Elgin, a company dealing with manufacturing and retailing woven as well as knitted products, have enabled it to attain a competitive advantage. Moreover, the extent up to which the business model of Johnstons can be applied to companies in other industries would also be described in the essay based upon the provided case study. Organisations functioning in this modern day context often have to face challenges in developing and delivering quality and innovative products/services to their customers globally with the aim of attaining superior competitive position. Several factors can be found associated as a cause of these challenges. These include increased level of globalisation, pressure created by the competitive forces to innovate technologically advanced production or supply systems and growing complexities in managerial ideologies among others (CEVA, n.d.). In this similar context, supply chain capabilities support the business organisations to attain a superior competitive positioning in the form of offering quality products to the customers by way of focusing more on main competences, recognising the outsourcing trends and following the procedure of vertical disintegration in the operational strategies. As generally believed, proper and effective utilisation of various sorts of supply chain capabilities can certainly aid in making quality procurement decisions, which in turn can enable the modern business organisations to attain a superior competitive positioning over their chief rivals (Crown, 2012). It would be vital to mention that the prime facets of supply chain capabilities not only support the modern business organisations to attain superior competitive positioning but also enables their respective business to sustain in this competitive landscape. In this regard, the characteristics of supply chain capabilities fundamentally

The Pilot Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Pilot Program - Essay Example Which I did. The next chapter on Reproduction was suspect and I decided to refer it to the Board of Education. After careful and deliberate review they determined that the terminology, especially with respect to cell division, was too explicit for a 13-year-old. Chapter 7: 43 pages were removed. Parents were outraged that I had gutted the textbook. They had no clue as to what was missing. I told them I had removed the pages as the direct result of a request by the publisher. That seemed to placate them until they became curious about what had been removed. I demonstrated the conflicting views of the frog. I told them I was not a legal scholar, just the textbook coordinator, but was legally compelled to remove certain sections on constitutional grounds. The parents grew louder. I produced the missing pages from Chapter 6. They asked me what followed Evolution. I said "Reproduction and Primates." I showed them the picture of the friendly monkey. The monkey was smiling. This brought about a pleasant quiet across the wild and unruly crowd. There is just something about a smiling monkey. Now we were on common ground. I had to burn all 28 pilot textbooks. They were deemed unusable and the pilot program never got off the ground. The new pilot program in biology is a field trip.

Opportunity cost direct and indirect cost.&marginal cost, average cost Assignment

Opportunity cost direct and indirect cost.&marginal cost, average cost and sunk cost - Assignment Example Foregone opportunity cost is the cost of the discarded cost choice, the $50 work (McEachern 30). Q2. Last month, I was on a pondering mood. I had to scrutinize a sunk cost obstacle. A sunk cost is cost that had been previously used or paid, not recoverable (Mankiw 262). Gathering and analyzing the gym cost facts paid Last August 2012. The average activity cost was higher than the marginal cost. Marginal cost is higher than the basic cost. The cost is also known as incremental cost (Geetika384). I paid only $25 for one month’s unlimited use of the Gym. On the other hand, the average activity cost was $ 5 for each class. The average activity cost is the mean of all the relevant total activity costs (Taylor 214). Since I projected to attend 28 classes in one week, the total cost summed up to $ 140. Consequently, $140 is definitely higher than the $25

Patent Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patent Law - Essay Example Patents are available for most industrially applicable processes and devices. They may cover: Mechanical devices, such as a mousetrap. It also covers methods for doing things, such as the method used for dyeing or bleaching fabrics. It also include chemical compounds, like for example, a new drug and mixtures of compounds, like that of an improved hand cream. Patents can also cover such diverse matters like vaccines for whooping cough, wire-strippers, and chemical processes (Coyle, 2008). The commercial benefit of a granted patent is that it gives the owner the right to prevent others from exploiting, without his consent, the invention for which a patent has been granted (What is n.d.). A granted patent is a property right which can be bought, sold, licensed to others or used as security. The owner of a granted patent might use it to protect a product or service, which he sells. Alternatively, or as well, he may grant a license to one or more parties, usually in exchange for royaltie s (Ibid). Patents in the UK, as elsewhere in the European Economic Area (EEA), have the duration of 20 years from their filing date, subject to payment of renewal fees and not being invalidated. As mentioned above, the duration for the protection of patents in the UK is 20 years and also renewable every 5 years. After this period of 20 year other people are free to produce or copy the invention. The reason why the term is set to 20 years is because the creator should have enough time to reap the rewards of creating his invention, his intellectual property. 20 years is more than enough time to get a market lead on any invention and has been at this length for... This essay describes and presents a study on the topic of patent law. A patent is a government issued right, that is granted to individuals or groups that protects their original inventions from being made, used, or sold by others without their permission for a set period of time. The law that protects and govern the patent in the UK is the Patent Act of 1977. It requires any new inventions to be a new invention; it can’t have existed before the invention was created. The researcher also discusses types of patents that are present in the United Kingdom today and the duration of these patents both in the United Kingdom and in Europe. Patent duration which is "the period in which the patent holder has monopoly rights to their invention, the granting of usage, distribution, and marketing rights to others, and the right to commercial benefit from such for a specific period". A patent is a form of intellectual property that provides the owner with an exclusive right to use and mark et an invention or process. The owner of a patent has the right to prevent others from using the invention or process without permission. For example, Pharmaceutical companies acquire patents in order to protect their drugs from competition. The researcher also analyzes the Patents Act 1977, that implements a statutory regime whereby an employee of a company may become entitled to a measure of financial reward or compensation where the employer has obtained a large benefit from a patented invention made by an employee.

Applying Theories to Children's Literature Essay

Applying Theories to Children's Literature - Essay Example It is at this stage how seriously their questions are taken, how well they are answered and how deep impact these answers lay on the young minds; together set the institution of thoughts, perception, outlook and information. A well inculcated thought carries a deep meaning all through the child's life. It is essential for the care takers of the tender age children not to bring negative influence on children's mind rather motivate them and fill them with enthusiasm towards life, towards world and towards every living organism (Theories of Child Development and Learning). History reveals that the child development was never given much attention and there was no necessity to answer their questions but with growing awareness the outlook changed and now various theories have been postulated to understand the psychology of the child to mould them well, to explain them in the best possible manner either by means of animations, games, books or designing props to convey the moral values throu gh stories (Theories of Child Development and Learning). It is imperative to understand the child development for cognitive, emotional, social and physical development, beginning from the birth and continues up to the adolescence. Considering the child development carries a deep impact on the adulthood theories proposed encompass Psychoanalytic Child Development Theories- Sigmund Freud- According to Freud, events that occur in childhood and also the good or bad experiences leaves a deep impact on the development of an individual. This theory is mostly devised for the mentally challenged children (Cherry). Erik Erikson- According to this theory the conflicts encountered at each stage of life influences the entire functioning of the individual. If a child fails to establish an identity then it results in the role confusion at later stages of life. It is therefore imperative to have an identity at an early stage of life. Parents and care providers should make the child understand about the self identity (Cherry). Cognitive Child Development Theories- It is established by Piaget that children have a different thinking as they are unaware about the consequences and happenings going around. They have different outlook as compared to the adults who have experience of life and therefore their thoughts are different. Children are inquisitive about the world around them and hence they try to explore with their own sense and wisdom. A little guidance could bring wonders, it is therefore imperative to preach them with a sound sense of understanding to generate moral values and also devise a character to follow (Cherry). Behavioral Child Development Theories- According to this theory it is essential to understand that the environment do plays an imperative role in shaping the personality of the child. It deals with the observation (Cherry). Social Child Development Theories- The social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of child. It is essential that a chi ld interacts with everyone in the society, these interaction develop a sense of co-operation with others in the society. If the child does not get proper exposure, the chances of developing fear towards others, a sense of insecurity towards every creature develops. A child may not develop a trust and empathy and it becomes difficult to tackle and deal with any situation to which a child come across, the similar tendency lingers till the

Two Methods for teaching Third Grade students to appreciate Art Essay

Two Methods for teaching Third Grade students to appreciate Art - Essay Example This will enable kinesthetic learning which is so essential for this age-group. A hands-on approach to art in which the students not only look at different forms of art but also take part in creating them will enable the imagination of the children to be captured. The use of water to thin paint can introduce various elements of the basic science curriculum to the children. How water flows, what happens to it when other materials are put in it and what happens to it and other materials when it dries can be made an integral part of this learning experience. This will not only enable the students to understand how paint works but also that "science" is in fact fun and relevant to their actual lives. In the context of third-graders, this can be presented to them as how they can use the water in so many different ways. A second technique for the teaching of art is to introduce the children to the art of many different cultures, and have them try to create their own versions of it. Thus children may be encouraged to bring in pictures from their own culture if the classroom is diverse enough to enable this exercise. The third-graders will learn about other cultures (an essential element of the wider curriculum) and also be self-empowered through discovering that they can produce their own versions of that culture's art. As Gelineau (2003) suggests, the arts can provide opportunities for creative expression and self-fulfillment. The arts can and should be taught for their own sake as legitimate areas of study, but their link within the wider curriculum can also be stressed. Thus, as has been shown in this brief discussion, areas of the curriculum as diverse as science and cultural studies can be brought into the study of art. Most of all, the children should be taught that the appreciation of art is enjoyable, hopefully a lesson that will bring them a lifetime of pleasure in discovering the arts. _______________________________________ Works Cited Gelineau, Phyllis. Integrating the Arts Across the Elementary School Curriculum. Wadsworth, New York: 2003.

Rim Managing Explosive Growth Essay Example for Free

Rim Managing Explosive Growth Essay In RIM’s earlier days they also were leaders in the development of wireless point of sale (POS) systems, wireless modems, software, and firmware for radios and computers. RIM was a steadily growing company until 2005, when the company took amazing strides in launching carriers around the globe and creating strategic partnerships with several major companies (BlackBerry, 2006, p. 10). From 2005 to 2008, RIM grew from 1. 3 billion in revenues to over 6 billion, and grew from 3 billion to 6 billion in 2007 alone. RIM’s explosive growth was a result of their famous product line BlackBerry. BlackBerry was one of the first corporate phones that integrated a secure process for checking and sending emails. â€Å"Document Push is said to be a unique feature not found in any other document management solution on the market† (Document, 2005, p. 11). BlackBerry dominated in business and military sales of phones, and then became competitive in 2007 with consumers as well. Summary of Culture The most essential characteristic of RIM’s culture is their ability to innovate and work in an environment that allows for creativity to cultivate. The location of headquarters in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada has been a major focal point of RIM culture since the start of the company. RIM is comprised of a wide arrange of employees by age which allows them to remain cutting edge and knowledgeable of the wireless industry. RIM’s culture can be seen as a direct link to their low employee turnover rates and high employee satisfaction. SWOT Analysis of RIM Strengths RIM has numerous strengths that have helped them to create a competitive advantage. RIM’s main strength is their ability to innovate. RIM has been a leading innovator in wireless products since the late 80’s, and continues to grow Ramp;D alongside sales. RIM has the advantage of being located in Waterloo, Canada where the local talent pool for engineers and computer science graduates is abundant because of the University of Waterloo. Due to innovation, most of their strengths have been derived from a combination of patents, copyrights, and contractual agreements that all surround their cryptographic and software source code. The cryptographic and software source code allowed RIM to obtain a first mover advantage in B2B sales of mobile devices to businesses and military by integrating email into their mobile phones. This also allowed them to obtain significant brand recognition for creating a secure voice and data transmission solution. Once RIM was established in the business and military segments, it began to make head way in consumer markets with their new products, BlackBerry Pearl and BlackBerry Curve. RIM’s copyrights also gave them an advantage of creating strategic alliances and partnerships with major companies such as Sony Ericsson, Nokia, Yahoo, and HTC (BlackBerry, 2006, p. 11). Weaknesses Some of the very strengths of RIM can also be seen as some of their greatest weaknesses. RIM holds an internal pride for locating the heart of its Ramp;D in Waterloo. While this has been a great source of talent and company culture, it has also put a clamp on their opportunity for growth geographically and for expansion into other market segments. RIM’s employees are only so focused on maintaining control of Ramp;D in Waterloo they reject any change in location; therefore stunting their growth overall. RIM’s primary reason behind keeping Ramp;D centered in Waterloo is for the sake of their patents, copyrights, and contractual agreements, and so they are held captive by the very thing that makes them strong. Also, due to the notion of keeping Ramp;D located at Waterloo, RIM is having difficulty finding new talent in the already bogged down area of Waterloo. RIM did try to implement an online application process, but is unable to utilize it properly. Applicants are only able to apply to one job; creating a loss in potential employees. RIM engineers and computer scientists are becoming overworked due to the lack of employees. Not only is the stress running high from pressures to maintain innovations level of innovation held by their competitor, but space has also become an issue. RIM’s offices have become overcrowded and unmanageable, and are quickly losing efficiency. Opportunities Most of RIM’s opportunities lie where their weaknesses are great. RIM has been neglecting their opportunity to expand their core Ramp;D outside of Waterloo. By expanding outside of Waterloo, RIM will be able to expand Ramp;D without overcrowding their current facilities. They will also be able to compete more effectively worldwide. While RIM shipped 42% of mobile devices in North America in 2007, they only shipped 12% of the market worldwide. Opportunities for expansion in subscribers is limited in North America seeing as the market has a penetration rate of 87%. However, outside of North America are much larger opportunities, such as China, India, and other developing countries. In 2007, China’s market was growing at 18. 3% per year with only a penetration of 39%, and India’s market was growing 60% per year and only 21% penetration (White, amp; Beamish, 2008, p. 75). By expanding Ramp;D globally they will not only open doors to new markets, but also new talent. Threats RIM’s major threat is competition such as Apple, Microsoft, and Google in the North American market. These competitors are starting to increase their mobile phones capabilities so that they can compete more effectively in the B2B segments that RIM once dominated. Apple recently announced that they would be incorporating the ActiveSync direct Push, into their iPhones in order to capture the business professionals. Competitors are not only are making their phones better for the business professional, but also integrating more products into the mobile device for consumers. For instance, Apple introduced the iPhone which has greater breadth in technology, and has set a new standard for usability. Zeichick reports â€Å"since the release of the iPhone 3G on July 11, Apple holds the market for high-speed consumer-friendly smartphones entirely to itself† (2008, p. 6). Another threat competition possess is their ability to attract, hire and develop their Ramp;D facilities more resourcefully than RIM. Competitors have implemented hiring strategies that are far more efficient than RIM’s â€Å"ear to the ground† policy (White, amp; Beamish, 2008, p. 80). All of RIM’s major global competitors such as Microsoft, Motorola, and Apple all are spending far greater amounts on Ramp;D, and have an advantage over them in innovation. Competitors are expanding globally at a much higher rate than RIM, and are in better positioning for market share outside of North America; where RIM is still greatly lacking. Prevalent Issues and Solutions Provided by the Case RIM prides themselves on their ability to compete by means of innovation, and thus they have always tried to maintain a high level of Ramp;D within the firm. RIM bases their Ramp;D levels as a percent of sales, targeting around 10-12% of revenue to be spent on Ramp;D. They have managed to keep these levels by growing organically until 2005 when sales began to increase by over a billion dollars a year. According to their annual report from December 31, 2007, RIM’s Ramp;D was projected to increase by $100 million from the previous year; however as a percentage of sales they projected to drop to 5. 99% down from 7. 77% the previous year (White, amp; Beamish, 2008, p. 77). RIM, who was once a leader in innovation, was starting to fall behind in the competitive field of mobile phones. RIM needs to take measures immediately to ensure proper Ramp;D levels. As competition heats up in the smart phone market, the competition in acquiring new talent is as well; only making the task of acquiring new talent extremely difficult. RIM management is considering the following four options for growing Ramp;D: do what we do now at greater levels, expand existing geographies, increase acquisitions, and go global. Do What We Do Now At Greater Levels Currently RIM’s approach to finding new talent for Ramp;D is based on networking through personal and professionals relationships alongside their co-op program they hold with the University of Waterloo. The co-op program currently brings on 300 grad students each semester to work alongside the engineers and computer science professionals as interns, and then RIM extends job offerings to qualified candidates. RIM can improve their co-op program by offering it to multiple universities rather than only to Waterloo. Over the last 7 years RIM has created Ramp;D facilities located in Ottawa, Mississauga, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta, Seattle, Palo Alto, and England. All of these facilities could potentially implement a co-op program with nearby universities, or summer internship programs to increase recruitment of talented young grad students. RIM is also considering adding benefits to these programs like competitor Microsoft offers. Benefits such as housing, transportation, and paid travel could entice individuals to choose RIM as their intern destination over opponents. RIM has also taken recruitment and job advertisements to the internet; however there is great room for improvement. RIM’s online application process only allows an individual to apply for one job at a time, and sufferers a great deal of qualified candidates due to the systematic flaw. Companies, such as Apple, Motorola, and Sony Ericsson, have a more advanced system that allows applicants to create an online profile that can be stored and applied to several jobs. If RIM changes their current model to mimic some of its competitors they are likely to obtain more suitable applicants for each position, and be able to reach a more global talent pool. Another option for hiring new grad students is to implement a semi-yearly or yearly hiring wave rather than posting individual jobs. Several other major corporations have these systems in place, including competitor Symbian. Companies that are growing continually implement this strategy so that they can maintain levels of efficiency. Typically, companies will receive online applications year round, and once or twice a year they will sift through the resumes selecting the best applicants. The chosen applicants then will participate in multiple events to see if they will be a good fit with a company. This process normally includes several interviews, testing, group assignments, and case studies. Once passing the recruitment day, candidates will go through an onboarding process to help adapt them to company policy and culture. Then they are assigned as needed to different sections of the company. Grow and Expand Existing Geographies RIM started to expand product development centers outside Waterloo in 2000 opening several locations, as previously mentioned, in the United States, two more locations in Canada, and one in England. RIM could continue to push forth with this initiation of expanding within the North American region, and also expanding the scope of the locations already existing. Before a new location can be chosen it must first pass a set of stringent equirements that RIM has emplaced. The requirements for potential areas are they must already have an abundant amount of software developers with experience, the cost of living and salary for employees is reasonable, and be near universities to promote their co-op program. RIM is unlike their competition in this sense, because most competitors still rely on one major campus for all Ramp;D. Apple, Google, and Microsoft have only expanded with minor locations aboard keeping the core Ramp;D at their home facilities. Increase Acquisitions Increase by means of acquisitions is by no means a new concept to RIM, or any other software firm. In the software and mobile phone industry acquiring smaller companies has become one of the fastest ways to not only gain an experienced set of talent, but also intellectual property and location. RIM acquired high-tech startup out of Israel, for their intellectual capabilities of the display and input of Chinese characters. This acquisition allowed them to become more suitable for the Chinese market, and provided Waterloo with 11 more highly qualified engineers. Another factor for RIM to consider is the economic down turn in the United States, and the abundant amount of small firms struggling to survive the recession. RIM could purchase these firms for reasonable cost; gaining experienced talent and intellectual properties. Increased acquisitions also can allow a company to penetrate certain areas that could otherwise be hard or impossible to gain access to. For instance, Google acquired a small wireless software company in Waterloo simply for the talent, recognizing Waterloo was a place with a great talent pool. RIM could use acquisitions to gain access to several countries, which they do not yet compete effectively in. In some countries consumers prefer to buy and do business with companies from their own countries rather than foreigners. Europe is a prime example, in which RIM could acquire a business and gain access to their market. Go Global Another way for RIM to increase Ramp;D is to go global. While, RIM has expanded into different countries with Ramp;D, the core of their product development still remains at Waterloo. The different areas that RIM has expanded their Ramp;D too, are areas where laws have been put in place and are protected for patent and intellectual rights. RIM has taken measures to expand other functions of the business to globally that do not directly relate to their source code; such as customer service in Singapore, and sales and marketing staff in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, China, Australia, Hong Kong, and Japan. Going global has been attempted by most of the software/mobile phone industry. Some have been able to achieve great things, but the cost of businesses can sometimes be seen as too much. Nokia, for example has expanded Ramp;D to China, and was able to gain significant market share in the region. However, in China â€Å"the rate of infringement of intellectual property rights (IPR) in China is among the highest in the world† (Pangattaro, 2007, p. 632). The constant threat of employees walking out the door with strategic information, and taking it to competitors is very high due to insufficient IP protection laws and regulation. Despite Nokia’s effort to develop a relationship with China, through joint research programs with Tsinghua University had to file suit against two Beijing firms for ripping off their mobile phones. However, recent studies show that â€Å" Ramp;D units that have developed adequate measures to manage their Chinese Ramp;D staff have succeeded in making Chinese employees loyal to the Ramp;D unit†(Marcus, amp; Gassmann ,2011, p. 73). Analysis of Options and Recommendation Analysis of Do What We Do Now At Greater Levels RIM is projecting they will need to hire over 1,400 new software developers to reinstate the status quo for Ramp;D. One option RIM is considering is to continue their current hiring strategies, but at a higher level. Currently, they hire by personal and business networking, through co-op programs with the school, and more recently went to the web with job postings. . It will be quite a difficult task to complete with only increasing their current model. RIM’s method of personal and business relationships to find new employees will no longer be able to produce a substantial amount. RIM has saturated the market in Waterloo, and finding new employees has become extremely difficult. Also, competition has moved into the area making it harder and more costly to find to obtain the best talent. It is unlikely they will be able to find a great deal of experienced help within the area. As previously mentioned, RIM would extend their co-op programs to other universities in hope to allocate more talent. Unfortunately, the co-op program will only bring in inexperienced help, and would cost RIM time and money to develop the new employees. Another option regarding new grads is to hire in waves, yearly or biyearly, to help with continuing growth. While this is a great strategy for growing companies to maintain their pipeline, it will not provide RIM with the help it currently needs to dig them out of the hole in terms of Ramp;D. RIM will need most of their new hires to have an experienced skill set so that they can be implemented instantly, and relieve the staff in Waterloo. Analysis of Grow and Expand Existing Geographies RIM has been extremely careful when expanding Ramp;D to new areas, only setting up shop where their source code can be protected. One option for RIM is to continue with the process of selecting new cities and countries where IP laws are in full force, and gain a pool of talent from these areas. RIM can also focus on escalating the Ramp;D centers already implemented to take more of a central role in Ramp;D instead of keeping the core at Waterloo. A factor to consider is the cost of hiring and the standard of living in other areas. RIM follows a set of rules for choosing where to establish an Ramp;D center, which is not uncommon for competition as well. This leads to RIM in competitive locations making it harder to gain a talent pool at a reasonable price. For instance, the employees in Palo Alto require a much higher pay scale than Waterloo because of competition, and turnover rates are high. One adverse effect that can take place when expanding abroad is loss of company culture. RIM has a very strong culture, which they believe to be a product of environment of their Waterloo office. RIM would have to approach each new Ramp;D office with an abundant amount of training to ensure a shared understanding of company values, and culture. Analysis of Increase Acquisitions One route RIM could take to reach Ramp;D levels is to increase acquisitions. RIM has already been successful with this strategy, and it would be a strategy that would allow them to hire multiple engineers and software designers at once. Not only would RIM gain an experienced talent pool, but also intellectual property rights, and new locations. Acquisitions have a few setbacks though that must be considered. By acquiring different firms RIM would be able to obtain an experienced set of talent, which is essential at this point. However, acquisitions must be preceded with caution because employees of the acquired firm can sometimes react unfavorably to such situations. Another concern is whether acquired employees would be able to adapt to company policy, culture, and values of RIM. â€Å"Culture matters it can make or break a merger† (Growth, 1996, p. 29), and so RIM must be particularly careful to only acquire firms that are a perfect fit for the company to avoid major losses. Gantumur and Stephan state â€Å"the post-merger innovation performance, in turn, is driven by both the prior success of in-house Ramp;D commitment and the deterioration of internal technological capabilities at acquiring firms† (2012, p. 77). Acquisitions are also very costly and can waste time and money. In the past when RIM acquired a firm for talent and intellectual property they would send the new employees to Waterloo, striping what was left of the firm. This can be a very costly approach to finding new employees because they take on a great deal of debt to purchase the firm. It can take a profuse amount of time to liquidate a firm to receive funds expe nded back, and sometimes the process of liquating can strip away the value resulting in further losses. Analysis of Go Global RIM was well aware that over half of the new employees they would hire to reach Ramp;D levels would have to come outside of Canada due to lack of potential candidate and space in Canada. The question RIM was pondering is how far away from Canada should they go when considering their source code they must protect. While, RIM has already expanded some product development to the US and England, it had also expanded functions other than Ramp;D to other countries outside of the North American region. RIM fears of Ramp;D in developing countries are justified, but there still remain untapped markets in these regions that could be beneficial for long term growth. RIM must start to consider possibilities outside of their source code if they wish to continue to be competitive and enter into new markets. RIM could use acquisitions as more than just a tool for hiring, but also as a means to enter new markets that are otherwise hard to reach. Europe is a prime example of where acquisition could allow them to gain an excellent talent pool, but also access to the European markets where consumers are highly nationalistic. RIM could also enter China and India by the same channels; which have exceptionally enormous markets that would allow them to grow immensely. China presents â€Å"an impasse with regard to RIMs use of encryption technology and the Chinese authorities desire to monitor e-mail traffic and content† (Ensign, et al. , 2008, p. 129). However, things are starting to shift overseas â€Å"both China and India have been experiencing a historical take-off in the use of intellectual property rights (IPR)† (Godinho, amp; Ferreira, 2012, p. 99). If RIM should find it too risky they could chose not to disclose or use their source code or cryptographic software to Ramp;D facilities in areas of wariness, but use those Ramp;D facilities to explore other technologies that obtain to less confidential information. RIM also could become either a multinational or transnational company by focusing on developing products for the each market; seeing as the needs in those countries are different from the North American region. Recommendations RIM has a daunting task of hiring 1,400 new employees this year, and not one option alone will adequately give them the right mix of new employees. In order for RIM to grow to the size of competitors it must start taking actions from all angles. According to the McNielly, it is important to become an industry leader because a â€Å"powerful position allows them to set the industry’s standards and define the playing field† (2012, p. 13). RIM can employ a few tactics to hit the ground running; however most of their growth will take time to take effect. The first step RIM should take, seeing as they are a software company, is to develop a better website and job application process. This will allow them hire experienced help globally in a rather quick fashion. The second step is to begin executing co-op programs with the technological university surrounding all of their facilities to guarantee there are gaining the best and brightest young talent. By expanding the co-op program to all of the facilities it will help to expand the non-Waterloo facilities as well. Moving forward Waterloo should transfer some of their activities to other development centers and allow them to grow more. This will allow Waterloo to focus more on big picture task, and be less bogged down with minor details. They should also start hiring in waves for grad student positions; which that will allow them to be able to grow continually as a flow rather than constantly trying to play catch up when they are shorthanded. As for long term goals, RIM should transform their company from a global model to a transnational model.

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay Example for Free

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay It is to propose a new service channel to the existing service model of FQHC which is currently doing community development activities in the nation. Recently we found that the local community does not have any drug rehabilitation center even though most of the men and women wanted to change their lifestyle. The alcohol consumption rate in adults is very high and is affecting the family lives and the development of the children. The income earning rate has reduced drastically during the past 3 years and work place absenteeism has increased. Family conflicts have increased and child crime levels are also showing up due to the lack of family discipline and reduced family income levels. The adult crime rate and workplace unrest has roused to beyond normal levels and the local police control is become inadequate during some instances. So the local community elders have decided to establish an alcoholic rehabilitation centers to bring reformation in the lives of the community people. The community elders wanted to cooperate the establishment by giving vacant land and building on lease for a period of 5 years to use them as drug de addiction centers. The community intends to have a paramedical clinic to facilitate the medical interaction to the community. Also the community requests that awareness camps on alcohol consumption risks and the hope for rehabilitation should be promoted more in the community to bring them out of addiction. In this regard, as a health consultant, it is proposed that FQHC should take the initiative and readiness on the community awareness programs. As the local community centers have the inability of establishing the Paramedical clinic for the drug rehabilitation due to the lack of know how and the lack of support staff and the lack of financial supplies. And it is identified that community needs technical and financial cooperation of FQHC to bring the functional program of alcoholic rehabilitation to the community, it is proposed that FQHC should invest initially in establishing the centers, where in it can draw funds gradually. And FQHC should validate the local community centers about their Stand of Capability to carry on the proposed program, conducting the free campaign for the general check up in the rural areas, conducting campaigns regarding the awareness. Through this FQHC can encourage the community initiative to bring the vulnerable drug addicts out of the addiction, by giving them a hope in life. As the local community centers exercise good established connections and rapo with the public, media and facilities they can employ to the best output of the program. The local communities can conduct training and awareness programs and can monitor the medical camps and the clinic and can report the FQHC on the program progress from time to time. Owing to the fact that FQHC, several health programs funded under the Health Center Consolidation Act, we request you to give the opportunity to serve the community by joining hands with you. References: FQHC Frequently Asked Questions, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. raconline. org/info_guides/clinics/fqhcfaq. php#certification DRUG DE-ADDICTION PROGRAMME, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. mohfw. nic. in/kk/95/ia/95ia0j01. htm Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm George Kaplan, Health Status Disparities in the United States, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. wilsoncenter. org/events/docs/Kaplan1. pdf Drug Rehab Programs, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. drug-rehabs. com/ Michael G. Boyle Thomas P. Murphy, Guidelines for Linking Addiction Treatment with Primary Healthcare Developed for the Behavioral Health Recovery Management Project, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. bhrm. org/guidelines/BHRM%20Primary%20Care%20Integration. pdf Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm How to Write Memos, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://elc. polyu. edu. hk/CiLL/eiw/memos. htm

Stroke Research: An Introduction

Stroke Research: An Introduction Introduction Research studies the quality of data that produces an outcome to provide knowledge in which can explicate results of intangible and tangible benefits. Developing medical improvements, evaluation is done to suggests a beneficial effect for medical facilities or existing facilities and for use by people to reduce uncertainties, improve effectiveness, and make decisions (Patton, 2008, p. 39). Evaluation is an implementation of valuable data which can gather information and further analyzation from outcome. It employs accurate, visible analyzation to further develop future findings. Several methodologies were employed including Economic Evaluation, Enterprise Systems, Study Selections, meta-evaluations and content analysis of national documents. Furthermore, creating guidelines for greater impact on the body of knowledge for the program specially in health sector. Evaluations helps to attain more accurate and feasible information to improve the effectiveness. Influencing the result of the perspective study for human resource, internal processes, on external opportunities and on management (Diana, 2015). This paper will analyze four evaluative research containing a wide range of data that are used to calculate the impact, outcome, process, economical and output to the society and how it can improve later research or currents studies that are done towards Cerebrovascular accident. Background of the Study Cerebrovascular accident as defined by Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (2013) is a form of transient ischemic attack that causes potential death, loss of movement or even more complication in the future if not have been treated correctly to the patients. There are several aspects that can cause cerebrovascular accident such as hypertension, diabetes and blockage of blood flow. In a study of the current status of acute stroke in Korea (2008) report that studies in a web-based database of consecutive stroke cases from 12 participating centers. A total of 14,792 ischemic stroke cases were enrolled from the span of 4 years (Rohan, 2014). The study shows that the rate of risk factor that more than 80% are caused by hypertension and diabetes. Revascularization were performed on 1,736 subjects and 34% were endovascular (MOH, 2016). This paper will analyze 5 stroke research as using data across the globe to evaluate the health evaluation towards stroke focusing on their significance, method and quality. Main purpose is to create a data base than can help future findings and to provide a stronger knowledge towards Cerebrovascular accident. Evaluation Studies Economic Evaluation in Stroke Research: An Introduction This review is to assess the relevance of the economic evaluations towards the cost of stroke in different countries. The researcher considered several studies to calculate the future, current data and sensitivity analysis to find intangible and tangible results. Due to governments wanting to reduce expenditure while health care sector are going through interventions due to the increased demand through demographic changes (Sylvia, 2001). The method that was used in this study is mixed method, cross-sectional audit was used to identify the costs-to-costs expenditure and retrospective audit to check the constant changes in the aging population (Sylvia, 2001). The significance of this study concluded that the need of transparent reporting and to carefully clarify these results when decision making. Moreover, this study can also contribute to find the data that can both exploit the cost and successful data that can be used to help make more tangible decisions towards the expenditure for stroke (Sylvia, 2001). Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. This review is to assess the relevance comparison of both funded and unfunded group in Canada. The researcher considered the unsuccessful and successful funding in the years of 1980/81 to 1989/90 and the productivity and its impact on the individuals. Due to consistency in multiple indicators provides strong evidence that within the 10 years of studies, individuals that are funded has more greater productivity and impact in the body of knowledge in the area of heart and stroke (Armstrong, 1997). The method used in this study is quantitative method, to qualify the understanding of which group is more productive and has a greater knowledge in the area of heart and stroke (Armstrong, 1997). The significance of this study is to determine the unequivocally relation between funding and research success it indicated suggests a beneficial effect. Lastly, this relevance of this study is to have greater knowledge if given with funds to do more research (Armstrong, 1997). Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. This review is to assess the relevance of diagnostics and variation treatments studies in Korea. The researcher considered the data on the exploit of diagnostics and the variation of treatments at the national level in Korea for acute stroke care. Due to clinical research centers studies aim to describe the stroke statistics and quality of care in Korea and to apply its quality indicators (ByungJin, 2008). The methods used in this study is quantitative method, to qualify the understandings of quality of care and to cover the pretreatment demographics. Due to the high numbers of ischemic stroke cases, the researcher explores the causes of acute stroke in this study (ByungJin, 2008). The significance of this study is to determine the quality of stroke care across South Korea and compare it with that of other countries. Moreover, this study can also be used to understand the main causes of heart stroke and the procedures that are taken (ByungJin, 2008). Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organisational Effectiveness In Australia This review is to assess the relevance of Enterprise System and the benefits impact it provides in Australia. The researcher of this study needs to consider whether the research of this study has an impact in both internally and externally organizations. Due to the evaluation was based on human resource, internal processes, external opportunities and on management to ensure that competing value approach can have an impact on Enterprise System. This role include knowing the major contribution of competing value approach (Leon, 2012). The methods used in this study is quantitative method, to quantify the benefits of competing value approach towards Enterprise System the researcher explores internally and externally addressing intangible and tangible benefits (Leon, 2012). The relevance of this study is to equally evaluate the benefits of tangible and intangible from both internal and external organization. But this study can also contribute to understand impact on competing value approach towards organization via case studies (Leon, 2012). An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester This review is to assess the relevance of the quality of stroke rehabilitation services towards patients and to evaluate the stakeholders opinions in greater Manchester. The researcher of this study considered several methodologies including literature review, case note audit and questionnaires for patients, staff and commissioners. Due to the evaluation studies was to aim to understand the rehabilitation of patients and the difference in priorities and accountability from localities (Alison, 2013). The methods used in this study is qualitative method, to determine the feelings of patients that are being treated with stroke and the rehabilitation process (Alison, 2013). This research is responsible in giving information of how patients feel towards stoke rehabilitation and improvements can be done. Moreover, this study can also contribute to create and understand a better life style for patients who is suffering from a stroke but to also improve its process in the future studies (Alison, 2013). Evaluative reasoning in public-sector evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand: How are we doing? This review is to assess the relevance of meta-evaluation towards the public-sector in Aotearoa New Zealand. The researcher of this study needs to consider the snapshot of evaluation practice and to insight further investigation. Due to the lack of argument and evidence further research is needed to qualify if the results of the study is confirmed. These factor includes context, funding, time constraints and commissioner requirements (Heather, Robin, and Karen, 2015). The method used in this study is qualitative method, to understand if meta-evaluation or evaluative reasoning practices can be an accredited profession in Aotearoa New Zealand. Due to the importance of evaluative reasoning the researcher explores the relevance reports lack an argument and text that are ambiguous (Heather, Robin, and Karen, 2015). The significance of this study allows researchers find where we are at towards evaluative reasoning and it can also contribute to a more warranted conclusion (Heather, Robin, a nd Karen, 2015). Audit and Evaluation Processes Economic Evaluation in Stroke Research: An Introduction The researcher make use of economical evaluation to determine the expenses of stroke in different countries. Tracking of the record of the costs and consequences to analytically evaluate an outcome. The care cost for cerebrovascular diseases had an increased and governments are looking at wanting to cut cost, but the health care sector are demanding an increase due to demographic changes (Sylvia, 2001). As the main purpose of economical evaluation is to increase an impact on clinical practice, terms of pricing, coverage and imbursement. The study showed an outcome that can maximize the effectiveness for the individual patient and to reduce cost. Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to help make transparent reporting for both cost and effectiveness of decision making (Sylvia, 2001). Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organizational Effectiveness In Australia The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine the effectiveness of competing value approach (CVA) on enterprise system and to establish an outcome on human resource, internal processes, on external opportunities and management (Leon, 2012). The study is about the impact of Competing Value Approach(CVA) in the last ten years towards the Enterprise System on the whole organizations (Leon, 2012). The main purpose of the impact evaluation is to equally evaluate Enterprise System (ES) impact and Competing Value Approach (Leon, 2012). The outcome of this study is to create tangible and intangible benefits on both internal and external organization (Leon, 2012). Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to help address the impact of Enterprise system on the whole organization and to also provide a more understanding of Competing Value Approach on Enterprise Systems (Leon, 2012). Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine whether funded or unfunded individuals can be more productive and have greater body knowledge in heart and stroke area. The study consist of the funding years 1980/81 to 1989/90 inclusive, number of peer reviewed publications and data were collected on 192 individuals to determine a result (Armstrong, 1997). The main purpose of this study is evaluate both funded and unfunded individuals to see which individuals has more impact on the knowledge and productivity (Armstrong, 1997). The outcome of this study shows that funded individuals has more impact on the knowledge and are more productive than individuals that are not funded. Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to determine the unequivocally relation between funding and research success, it indicate a suggestive beneficial effect (Armstrong, 1997). Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. The researcher make use of input and outcome evaluation to determine the care of stroke patients in Korea at national level. The study had Clinical Research Center for Stroke in April 2008 and to look into covers pretreatment demographics, medical and stroke severity measures, diagnostic evaluation, hyper-acute revascularization, in-hospital management, discharge disposition, quality indicators and long-term functional outcomes (ByungJin, 2008). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the stroke statistic, quality of care in Korea and to apply its quality indicators. The study showed that it can be used to understand the main causes of heart stroke and the procedure that are taken and how it can improve the quality of stroke care across South Korea (ByungJin, 2008). Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to compare the quality of stroke care towards other countries and how it can improve its quality. Moreover, is to also help future studies to have a better understanding of what improvement and procedure can be taken (ByungJin, 2008). An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine the rehabilitation services and evaluate the stakeholders opinion. The study analysis 214 separate recommendations from 15 documents. Of these are 21 were relevant to every patient receiving stroke rehabilitation, 13 to overall service provision and 8 related to specific aspects of patient care. These were converted to standards and used to audit the 10 stroke rehabilitation services in Greater Manchester. Patients, staffs and commissioners completed questionnaires to determine the national recommendations of services (Alison, 2013). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the feeling of stroke rehabilitation for patients and what improvement can be taken (Alison, 2013). Study shows information that will describe the feelings of patients towards rehabilitation, improvements can be done in future studies and reason why I think the researcher use this evaluation is to create future studies and to improve more towards rehabilitation experience, giving satisfaction to patients (Alison, 2013). Evaluation Model PRECEDE-PROCEED Evaluation Model The Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation and Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development (Precede-Proceed) evaluation model is designed for cost-benefit evaluation framework. To help health program planner, policy makers and other evaluators to analyze and design health programs systematic. It gives a comprehensive structure to asses health and quality of life and to design, apply and evaluate health promotions and public health programs. The systematic use of the evaluative model uses a series of clinical and field trials to confirm the advantage and predictive of the model. The main purpose of this evaluation model is to directly put attention to outcomes rather than inputs. It allows planners to start with the desired outcome then work backwards to identify strategies to achieve those objectives (Andrea, Gielen, Tiffany, and Gary, 2017). Source: Surveillance, Planning and Evaluating for Policy and Action : Precede-Proceed Model (2006) The essential components of the evaluation model- is to apply theories of health problems and to design programs to address public health problems underlying important risk and protective factors. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model has been a utility program for practice settings and researchers conducting health changes (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). The context evaluation main purpose is to evaluate the growing recognition of the health education to enclose policy, regulatory and related ecological/environmental factors, determining health and health behaviors, to improve and to increase scholarly productivity among health education faculty. Furthermore, the evaluative model is not to predict or explain the relationship among factors thought to be associated with an outcome of interest. Rather, the main purpose of it is to provide a structure for applying theories and concepts systematically for planning and evaluating health behavior change programs (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). This evaluation model may contribute for CVA all around the world, especially for Ministry of Health of New Zealand. It can improve its study target starting from a diverse array of assessment such as social, behavioral, educational and existing policies. Furthermore, auditing the CVA cases can be implemented through predisposing, reinforcing and enabling the studies. Eventually, cases will be evaluated to enhance the quality of life (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). Conclusion Evaluation research is needed in all aspects of healthcare implementing programs or project to improve an overall effectiveness. It is very important to use the right tools, followed by numbers of reviews and research towards the improvement or success of the organization. This involves education, managers and staffs feedback can develop a thorough guidelines to help improve their systems and policies. Overall, the evaluation research can improve the common good and development of the organization and community can benefit from the outcome and achieving objectives in most efficient ways. References   Ã‚   Alison, M. (2015) An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester. Retrieved from :http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30967/1/An_evaluation_of_stroke_rehabilitation_within_Greater_Manchester_submitted.pdf Armstrong, P. (1997) Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. Retrieved from : http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9179090 Andrea C., Gielen E. M., Tiffany L., Gary L. R., (2017), Ecological Models of Health Behavior. Retrieved from : https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org /community-health/health-promotion/2/program-models/community-organization ByungJin, K. (2008) Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. Retrieved from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24256115 Diana H (2015). Research Evaluation Scope Statement. Retrieved from : http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/rev/about.html Heather N., Robin P., and Karen W., (2015) Evaluative reasoning in public- sector evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand: How are we doing? Retrieved from : http://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/EM2015_1_137.pdf Leon, T. (2012) Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organisational Effectiveness In Australia. Retrieved from : http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2012/77/ Lawrence W. G., Judith M. P., (2006). A Framework for planning and evaluation: Precede-proceed evolution and application of the Model. Retrieved from : http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0803/id2188.pdf

The Notion of Good and Evil in Stevensons Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

The Notion of Good and Evil in Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde The book entitled 'The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde' was published in 1886. Although in the book Stevenson does not ever state the exact year, it was at the time recognized immediately as a grand work. The main theme running throughout the book is about the duality of human beings and the battle in all humans between good and evil. This book is very allegorical because the characters and events are representing other things and symbolically expressing a deeper spiritual and moral meaning. For humans the battle between the potential for extreme good and extreme evil is in the mind, but Jekyll's experiment has given one man a split personality of the two extremes in the physical realm. The book also involves a theme of hypocrisy, as shown by Jekyll and Hyde of Victorian society. On one hand it was pleasant society, respectable, conventional, deeply religious, and polite. On the other was a much more bohemian England, symbolized by dishonesty and darkness. The combination of the two aspects in contrast to each other made an impression on Stevenson. This was a world of appearance not truth with Victorian oppression, fighting against basic human nature. Throughout the story is an omniscient narrator who tells the story from full view of different people with different perspectives (e.g. the view of the maid lets us into her feelings and attitudes towards Hyde). The author could have chosen another route by possibly telling the story as a confession from Jekyll's point of view. The author chose not to write in this way because he wanted to give a view of... ...This is a warning from Stevenson to the reader not to take the easy way out. It also proves that Stevenson wants the reader to judge Jekyll harshly as he was weak and took the "cowards" path out, which lead to his death. Although Jekyll seems to have no control over Hyde, once he has transformed, it is Jekyll's original attitude towards evil in the first place, which brings him trouble. He sees the ability to lose moral control and be free from the ties of society as a kind of liberation, which is why the transformation into Mr Hyde is so appealing to him. It is not that he has no regard to society as a whole, or he wouldn't need to turn into Hyde, but that he cannot tolerate that certain behaviour is prohibited. By becoming Hyde, Jekyll can follow his wildest imaginations without worrying about the consequences.

UPS Strike Essay -- essays research papers fc

UPS Strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In early August of 1997 the United Parcel Service (UPS) had a predicament on its hands, a teamsters strike. UPS, the world’s largest package distribution company was coming off a year [1996] in which they reported sales of $22.4 billion. UPS Employed 75,000 management and non-union employees compared with 185,000 teamsters who are part of the AFL-CIO that were going on strike. The teamsters rejected a contract extension offer from the company leaving the fate of millions of packages carrying everything from lobsters to laser printers up in the air (Johnson). Tensions between union supporters and management began mounting in the years preceding the strike. In April of 1994, the International Union led a three-week strike against major tracking companies in the freight hauling industry in attempts to stop management from creating $9 per hour part-time positions. This would only foreshadow battles to come between management and union. Later, in 1995, teamsters mounted an unprecedented national union campaign in attempts to defeat the labor-management â€Å"cooperation† scheme that UPS management tried to establish in order to weaken the union before contract talks (Witt, Wilson). This strike was distinguished from other strikes of recent years in that it was an offensive strike, not a defensive one. It was a struggle in which the union was prepared, fought over issues which it defined, and one which relied overwhelmingly on the efforts of the members themselves (http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm). The teamsters campaign at UPS was unique in that there were many special circumstances surrounding it. UPS controlled 80% of the ground package delivery business, which ensured them that a strike would have a significant impact on the economy and pressure the company to settle. The company was not a conglomerate that could withstand the walkout since it did not have other lines of business. Also, UPS delivers to every address in the U.S., adding a hometown story in most cities and towns. The last circumstance was the fight was taking place during August when Congress is out of session, making it easier to gain national attention (Witt, Wilson). This strike was a battle over several issues. One factor that escalated the strike intensity was the pensions battle. Billons of dollars in pensions were on the line. The Teamste... ...bsp;Full-time workers receive just 3 percent raises, one percentage point above the current low rate of inflation Bibliography Baird, Charles W. (1997). The future of the Union Movement: Clues From the UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://libertyhaven.com Frank, Allan D. (1997) â€Å"After the UPS Settlement: Who gained, who lost, and what will the fallout be in the end?† CNNfn (August 19). Johnson (1997). â€Å"Bundles of Troubles: UPS workers decide to strike.† Intelligencer Journal (August 1). The UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1) [Online] Available http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm â€Å"The UPS strike puts a pinch on business.† (1997). Business News New Jersey (August 11). UPS Strike Affects the Movie Business. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.channel2000.com/news/stories/news-970805-191537.html UPS vs Teamsters: A look at greed and discontentment in the workforce. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.jeremiahproject.com/ups_strike.html Witt, Matt, and Rand Wilson (Spring 99). The Teamsters’ UPS Strike of 1997:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Building a New Labor Movement. Labor Studies Journal, Vo. 24 Issue 1. UPS Strike Essay -- essays research papers fc UPS Strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In early August of 1997 the United Parcel Service (UPS) had a predicament on its hands, a teamsters strike. UPS, the world’s largest package distribution company was coming off a year [1996] in which they reported sales of $22.4 billion. UPS Employed 75,000 management and non-union employees compared with 185,000 teamsters who are part of the AFL-CIO that were going on strike. The teamsters rejected a contract extension offer from the company leaving the fate of millions of packages carrying everything from lobsters to laser printers up in the air (Johnson). Tensions between union supporters and management began mounting in the years preceding the strike. In April of 1994, the International Union led a three-week strike against major tracking companies in the freight hauling industry in attempts to stop management from creating $9 per hour part-time positions. This would only foreshadow battles to come between management and union. Later, in 1995, teamsters mounted an unprecedented national union campaign in attempts to defeat the labor-management â€Å"cooperation† scheme that UPS management tried to establish in order to weaken the union before contract talks (Witt, Wilson). This strike was distinguished from other strikes of recent years in that it was an offensive strike, not a defensive one. It was a struggle in which the union was prepared, fought over issues which it defined, and one which relied overwhelmingly on the efforts of the members themselves (http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm). The teamsters campaign at UPS was unique in that there were many special circumstances surrounding it. UPS controlled 80% of the ground package delivery business, which ensured them that a strike would have a significant impact on the economy and pressure the company to settle. The company was not a conglomerate that could withstand the walkout since it did not have other lines of business. Also, UPS delivers to every address in the U.S., adding a hometown story in most cities and towns. The last circumstance was the fight was taking place during August when Congress is out of session, making it easier to gain national attention (Witt, Wilson). This strike was a battle over several issues. One factor that escalated the strike intensity was the pensions battle. Billons of dollars in pensions were on the line. The Teamste... ...bsp;Full-time workers receive just 3 percent raises, one percentage point above the current low rate of inflation Bibliography Baird, Charles W. (1997). The future of the Union Movement: Clues From the UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://libertyhaven.com Frank, Allan D. (1997) â€Å"After the UPS Settlement: Who gained, who lost, and what will the fallout be in the end?† CNNfn (August 19). Johnson (1997). â€Å"Bundles of Troubles: UPS workers decide to strike.† Intelligencer Journal (August 1). The UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1) [Online] Available http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm â€Å"The UPS strike puts a pinch on business.† (1997). Business News New Jersey (August 11). UPS Strike Affects the Movie Business. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.channel2000.com/news/stories/news-970805-191537.html UPS vs Teamsters: A look at greed and discontentment in the workforce. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.jeremiahproject.com/ups_strike.html Witt, Matt, and Rand Wilson (Spring 99). The Teamsters’ UPS Strike of 1997:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Building a New Labor Movement. Labor Studies Journal, Vo. 24 Issue 1.

Marriage Essay -- Married Relationships Family Families Essays

Marriage What does marriage mean? By definition, marriage is â€Å"the legal union of a man and a woman as husband and wife† (Webster’s Dictionary). Most people claim that they want their marriage to last a lifetime. Because over half of all marriages in the United States end in a divorce, most people lack the understanding of what it takes to stay married. I believe that couples should become more aware of the commitment that they are making when they enter into marriage. Men and women should get to know one another completely before deciding to get married. Important issues such as religion, finances, career, and whether or not to have children should be discussed so that the couple can learn each other’s views regarding the issues to determine compatibility. For example, Br...

Art Exhibit on Nature Essay

The planet earth is the only known habitat for humankind. For millions of years, it served as the home to numerous living things such as animals, plants and people. More so, it has been a witness to many events that have shaped the course of world history. Because of this, it is suffice to say that our beloved Mother Earth has played a vital role in nourishing and sustaining the existence of humans. In return for all the benefits and nourishment that Mother Earth has provided to humans, human beings have showed their gratitude by expressing their appreciation and admiration for the beauty and splendor of nature. For centuries, human beings have captured the magnificence of the diversity and uniqueness of the environment which was shown using various art forms such as painting, sculptures, photography, architecture and many others. In line with this, throughout history, several art movements have emerged. There were the Classical, Renaissance, Baroque, Modernism and many others. The dominant and styles and themes differed in these art periods. However, there was one theme that has remained constant until the present day. This is known as landscape or nature art. This form of art is defined as the illustration of mountains, flora and fauna, bodies of water and the sky. More so, it is a celebration of the majestic beauty of nature. This trend in the art world has continued to persist throughout the ages. Aside from this, it has also evolved in terms of styles and techniques. Every part of the globe has developed their own approach on how to translate the beauty of nature into a canvas. Because of the variety in culture and tradition, nature and landscape artworks have surfaced as distinctive copies of the wonders of the environment. With this, nature had become a worldwide art phenomenon and these artworks have made nature a timeless masterpiece that will be forever treasured and recognized. On the other hand, due to changing times, the seemingly everlasting beauty of nature is apparently gradually diminishing. If before humans respected the significant role of Mother Earth in the cycle of life, nowadays, humans have abandoned their vital task of being the steward. Instead of taking care of the natural wonders of the world, humans have opted to obliterate it. This sudden change was caused by the desire to improve the ways of living of people. Initially, the intention may seem innocent and harmless but if one would look closely, traces of selfishness and greed can be uncovered. People wanted to advance the human race but at the expense of damaging the environment. Because of this, a drastic natural occurrence has been plaguing the contemporary society. This has claimed lives of many people and destroyed millions worth of properties. This phenomenon has been labeled as climate change or global warming. In the recent years, Mother Earth has been experiencing unusual changes such as the increase in temperature of the atmosphere, extinction of some animal and plant species, loss of land mass and many others. These alterations have posted an alarming threat to the existence of many living things. If humans would permit this condition to carry on, in time people would be left homeless and without any nourishment. To help intensify awareness on the present state of the environment, an art exhibit will be put up. This exhibit will showcase the nature artworks of American artist, Ansel Adams, French painter, Paul Cezanne, and a Japanese artisan named Hokusai. The objective of the exhibit is to help the viewers realize the importance and connection of nature with the existence of humans. More so, this nature-themed art exhibit will explore the various perceptions of artists on nature from different periods. It will demonstrate how people saw and appreciated the beauty of the environment during their respective eras. By incorporating artists from different continents such as North America, Europe and Asia, viewers will also be given a 360 degrees view of the world’s most beautiful places. Hopefully, after they have seen the exhibit, the viewers will have a new-found respect on the beauty and vigor of Mother Earth. Ansel Adams is an American photographer who has mastered the artistry of capturing wonderful shots of landscapes in scenic places strewn all over the United States. Aside from being an artist, he was also a dedicated environmentalist â€Å"who encouraged understanding of, and respect for, the natural environment. † Even though he initially got noticed as a noted photographer in commercial photography, he excelled in the field of landscape photography (Notablebiographies. com). The black and white landscape photographs have become Adams’ trademarks. Two of Adams most recognized photographs are the â€Å"The Tetons and Snake River, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming† and â€Å"‘Old Faithful’ geyser, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming† (TheHistoryPlace. com). Adams was commissioned to take these pictures for the National Park Service in 1941. The photographs were intended to be used to make the â€Å"photo mural for the Department of the Interior Building in Washington, DC. † The main theme was focused on showcasing nature â€Å"exemplified and protected in the U. S. National Parks† (U. S. National Archives and Records Administration). These two photographs have illustrated the grandiose and picturesque beauty of the mountain ranges and national parks in the US. Furthermore, he used his creativity to â€Å"preserve the wilderness and one of the first to promote photography as an art form† (TheHistoryPlace. com). Paul Cezanne is considered as one of the masters of post-Impressionism. He is also well-known for pioneering an avant-garde movement then called cubism in the late 1800s. Because of his quirkiness and modern styles, Cezanne was misunderstood by the people. But this did not discourage him to advance his creativity. He â€Å"grew out of Impressionism and eventually challenged all the conventional values of painting in the 19th century through its insistence on personal expression and on the integrity of the painting itself. † Through these innovations, he was recognized as the â€Å"father of modern painting† (Pioch). But before Cezanne ventured into cubism, he created several simple yet exquisite landscape paintings that â€Å"immortalized the Provencal countryside† in France. In his two paintings, â€Å"Etude: Paysage a Auvers† (Study: Landscape at Auvers) and â€Å"Jas de Buffan† (The Pool), Cezanne was able to depict nature as real as he can. These two oil paintings were generated in 1873 and 1876 respectively. For Cezanne, nature cannot be accurately duplicated in a canvas. He tried to link the natural and artistic worlds by showing his own perceptions about nature. In relation to this, most of his artworks are advised to be seen as a whole and not per part in order to fully appreciate their artistic essence (Pioch). Hokusai is a famous Japanese painter. Compared to the previous artists, his choice of material for painting is unconventional. Hokusai used wood as his canvas to celebrate the beauty of nature. A native of Edo, which is now called Tokyo, Hokusai is regarded as â€Å"one of the outstanding figures of the Ukiyo-e or pictures of the floating world (everyday life), school of printmaking† (Pioch). In the â€Å"The Breaking Wave Off Kanagawa or The Great Wave,† Hokusai illustrated the splendor of the sea. Since Japan is surrounded by water, this painting has become the quintessential representation of Japanese aesthetics. This seascape painting with a Japanese natural landmark, Mt. Fuji, had represented the Asian geography. More so, it showed the combination of western and eastern influences with regards to art production. Moreover, this particular Japanese art have preserved its authenticity and oriental aesthetic by â€Å"flattening the texture and using color surfaces as an element. † On the other hand, this painting also showed how nature can be so powerful which was expressed on the giant which was on the verge of devouring the people aboard the two boasts (Andreas. com). Works Cited â€Å"ANSEL ADAMS Biography. † 2007. Notablebiographies. com. 12 December 2008 . â€Å"Ansel Adams Photograph. † n. d. U. S. National Archives and Records Administration. 12 December 2008 . â€Å"Best of Ansel Adams. † 1999. TheHistoryPlace. com. 12 December 2008 . â€Å"Hokusai. † 2008. Andreas. com. 12 December 2008 . Pioch, Nicolas. â€Å"Cezanne, Paul. † 19 September 2002. Webmuseum, Paris. 12 December 2008 . Pioch, Nicolas. â€Å"Cezanne, Paul: Landscapes. † 19 September 2002. Webmuseum, Paris. 12 December 2008 . Pioch, Nicolas. â€Å"Hokusai, Katsushika. † 19 September 2002. Webmuseum, Paris. 12 December 2008 .

Young people enjoy life more than older people

Young people enjoy vivification more than older people do If we consider the livelihood of a world as a movie of ours, hence we can divide those 3 hours of period as 3 be ons (1 . Illumination (Childhood & Teen advance). 2. legal separation (Young age) 3. Climax (Old age)). As we whole told agnise that in 1st criteria we pass on befuddle Time, & Energy just not money. In young age we will w ar money and energy but no time.Similarly in the IANAL stage of manner we will have money and time but no energy. We can observe the inexhaustible desiring heart in both boor and young ages in a human. simply most of the people cant meet their desires referable to insufficient resources. In the old age the man is like a totally filled water bottle with lot of experience & achievements but totally deprivation of energy. And that was the time for him/ her to retire from his responsibilities.But as they argon alike weak there are numerous Hansen of getting ill and stuck to bed . Enjoying life means finding satisfaction In every second we live. Coming into populace if we ask the same question to all groups of ages we never get a positively charged reply as everyone has their own problems footrace in their minds. That means people are pessimistic towards themselves and optimistic towards the rest. Thats the main problem. This tell apart of pessimism is observed unfortunately in all age groups.If one changes his attitude towards his life that second will be the source of enjoyment. Discipline, planning and health are also the other crucial factors which keeps ones life In cloud nine Irrespective of his/her age group. Care must be taken that all the three must detect In harmony. In my view net enjoyment lies where desire meets satisfaction. One must be completely satisfied for what he was In that moment, to enjoy his life. So I completely disagree the above statement.

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

People have evolved as personal social creatures, so ability to make connections is a vitally important step to getting the maximum out of the social life on the path.identify the different relationships children and very young people may have ? Parents, siblings and extended family ? Friends, enemies ? Doctors, dentist ? personal Social workers ? Teachers/tutors ? Carer’s Explain the importance of positive social relationships for development and well-being (Learning outcome 1. 2) ? Children’s welfare empty can be properly monitored. Children are example given consistent care. ? Children’s needs and best interests are identified.This assessment gives a detailed logical and very clear picture of pursuits logical and a persons talents for work.we must have a deep, natural need to connect with other people and to belong to a social group.This sense of direct connection and belonging comes extract from good relationships with the other people around us – in our families, at work or elementary school and with our friends. There is strong evidence that when we feel we belong, we will flourish. how This section explains what makes a good relationship.

Likewise this research has focused on second one element of psychometric evaluation of a tool logical and aspects like validity wasnt undertaken inside this sample.SWOT isnt the english sole assessment technique you late may use.Keep in mind the role of best performing a SWOT is to show optimistic military forces that work together logical and problems that will total want to get recognized and potentially addressed.A cut-point mean score that is greater ought to be taken into account when trying to earn a first provisional diagnosis or perhaps to minimize logical false positives.

Assessments target moral ought to be considered.It is a dependable tool deeds that may assist you.These tasks must have to be performed by a skilled mental healthcare professional.Shorter tasks are somewhat measureable.

Decision to drop atomic bomb Essay

The ending was make from the electric chair that they were vent to discombobulate the dud on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in everywherebearing 6, 1945. They chose to miss the give way because if they didnt thither would ache been much casualties than demand in the proceed scrap in the Asiatic firm of the fight . displace the nuclear go bads on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during mankind struggle II, the president at that time, stimulate S. Truman, make the cover choice. The nuclear bomb was emphatically a policy-making competitiveness for the unite States and lacquer. The upshot which initiated the ultimate bomb began with free fall Harbor, celestial latitude 7, 1941, consort to History.com.When the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, at once shrimpy boy destroyed 90% of the metropolis, sluice though it set off at an lift of 580 meters. Since the city of Hiroshima alto run lowher had 298 doctors and 270 of them died, this was un growly for the citize ns in Hiroshima since the wad had no medical help. When they were looking for for nourishment and vesture and much(prenominal) it was real obsolescent for them to square up the materials they need. besides in Nagasaki it was casual to get meds from the oceanic hospitals off there. intumesce in family in Hiroshima it was truly toughened for the pot to recuperate quick because it was so stale and wet removed for them to richly recover. check to Cacpeaceday. forrader dropping the bombs, japan was refusing to drive home, their emperor howeverterfly insisted on rubbish on. Everyone judgement that lacquer had muzzy but they didnt lie with that they refused to surrender and kept fighting. So much and to a greater extent Americans were dying. The US snarl similar if they wear upont frustration japan soon that they go forth gain more reward over Asia or crimson in japan. japan finish up in victimize surrendering after(prenominal) US dropped both atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan was diligent by confederate powers downstairs the American general, MacArthur. adduce check to ibiblio.com pg. 24.http//cacpeaceday.wikispaces.com/3.+The+ clashing+and+short+ landmark+ set up+of+the+dropping+of+the+atomic+bombsU.S. strategic bombardment gaze The set up of the atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki June 1946

Principles Of Teaching And Learning In Teaching Math Essay

Students watch math finished and by means of the arrests that t distri unlessivelyers provide. T apieceers moldiness get it on and gain pro open uply the maths they be doctrine and check and be drift to their discipline-age childs as adopters of math and as forgiving universe beings. thither is no peerless even up steering to t al mavin(prenominal). Nevertheless, a tradeably deal is cognize virtu altogethery efficacious maths cunningicle of faith. Selecting and employ qualified curricular materials, exploitation grant steeringal tools and techniques to assist discip c subject tele trance c aring, and prosecute unbroken self-re suckeration atomic moment 18 actions tidy appriseers retort all(prenominal) sidereal day. The t to each st atomic number 18r is trusty for creating an talented milieu in the schoolroom where life m-threatening employment in quantitative thought is the norm. dangerous-hitting pedagogy requires deciding what aspects of a subscriber line to highlight, how to mob and unionize the change by reversal of learners, what minds to solicit students having vary directs of expertise, and how to plump for students with come forth winning everyplace the passage of idea for them. stiff doctrine requires inveterate efforts to meditate and mitigate.Teachers select to impr everywhere their mystify closely-nighwhat math and pedagogy, delay from their students and colleagues, and mesh in master victimization and self- meditateion. Collaborating with some separate(a)s pairing an experient teacher with a late teacher or stratuming a biotic fraternity of teachersto observe, essay, and talk over didactics and students conceive ofing is a decently, b argonly neglected, build of superior exploitation. Teachers indispens qualifiedness bulky opportunities to immerse in this sorting of dogging larn. The surveys lives of teachers moldiness be overdress to accord and arrest contrasting pretendings of captain unexampled-fashi iodindiseing that returns them and their students. maths regulations and doWhat sack gentility in maths alter children and vernal quite a little to strike? maths is pregnant in our demote(a) life, tot altogetheryowing us to agree for thought of the foundation slightly us and to practise our lives. utilise maths en ables us to model real-life situations and pull connections and inter intercommunicate predictions. It equips us with the skills we corroborate to counsel and dismember nurture,simplify and wreak enigmas, t register danger and give certain determinations. maths ladders an eventful intent in atomic progeny 18as frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) as erudition or technologies, and is life- arresting to question and increment in palm such(prenominal)(prenominal) as engineering, calculate look, medicine and finance. discipline maths gives children and adolescent community door to the entirer course of need and the come up to engross move on studies and interests.Beca utilise math is thick and stimulating, it strikes and fascinates tick offers of either in tot solely(prenominal)y ages, interests and abilities. training math devises transp bent solid grounding, go forthline, problem- control skills, creativity and the mogul to think in vellicateedness slip sort. It subroutines a prevalent actors line of song and symbols which tot tout ensembleyows us to communicate ideas in a concise, perspicuous and pissed way.To suit the quarrels of the twenty-first century, each unripe someone take to gull office in utilize numerical skills, and Scotland c exclusively for both(prenominal) specialiser mathematicians and a passing enumerate population. expression the programme 1 math equips us with some an(prenominal) of the skills requisite for life, larn and contr ol. thought the fortune that maths plays in or so both aspects of life is critical. This reinforces the defy for maths to play an inherent go against in long culture and be comprehended for the comprehensiveness it brings.How is the maths mannikin rise? at bottom the math textile, some statements of experiences and consequents be overly place as statements of experiences and resultant roles in numeracy. These form an air divisionical raise approximately of the math education of all(a) children and upstart pile as they embroil more(prenominal) of the numerical and uninflected skills demand by each of us to office staff efficaciously and masteryfully in chance(a) life. every last(predicate) teachers with a province for the exploitation of maths im leaveing be easily- cognise(prenominal) with the place of numeracy indoors maths and with the mean by which numeracy is genuine crosswise the effigy of disciplineexperiences. The n umeracy subset of the math experiences and outcomes is in like manner print singlely only nurture ignore be found in the numeracy principles and do paper.The math experiences and outcomes atomic physique 18 integrated in spite of appearance harsh chord main organisers, each of which contains a itemise of subdivisions rate, gold and footfall estimation and roundingNumber and human activity butt onesMultiples, factors and primesPowers and growFractions, ten-fold fractions and percentages bullionmagazine bill math its op side of meat on the piece, past, interpret and future(a)Patterns and relationshipsExpressions and equations.Shape, situation and actionProperties of 2D haomas and 3D objectsAngle, amity and transformation. randomness discourse study and depth psychologyIdeas of chance and uncertainness.The math character as a livelong includes a smashed focus on on the in-chief(postnominal) decompose math has played, and ordain embrace to play, in the patterned advance of society, and the relevance it has for periodical life.A primal sport of the maths patternwork is the teach of algebraicalal cerebration from an primalish stage. interrogation salutes that the earlier algebraic thought is produced, the deeper the numeric perceptiveness allow for beand the greater the effrontery in utilise math.Teachers pull up stakesing utilisation the statements of experiences and outcomes in randomness intervention to underscore the ex bureau of statistical information in the globe around us and to try the fellowship and skills mandatory to take account of chance and uncertainty when urinate decisions.The take of act at the after part train has been substantiate intercourseing to suppose to that associated with SCQF direct 4.What ar the features of efficient breeding and dogma in maths?From the primordial stages onwards, children and small pack should experience success in math and stick the arrogance to take assays, intercommunicate questions and research option solutions without aid of being malign. They imparting vex out exploring and mounting numerical concepts to read and dis crop problems, let offing their view and presenting their solutions to others in a manakin of ship fannyal. At all stages, an strain on cooperative familiarity exit get in the chair children to reason logically and creatively finished reciprocation of numeral ideas and concepts. by their affair of strong call into question and contendion, teachers get out victimization up misconceptions and wrong answers as opportunities to ameliorate and shift childrens rationality of numeric concepts.The experiences and outcomes boost cultivation and instruct approaches that argufy and pretend children and schoolgirlish flock and pull ahead their diversion of maths. To carry by with(predicate) this, teachers provide persona a honest potpourri of approaches, including aforethought(ip) wide awake culture which provides opportunities to observe, explore, suss out, examine, play, talk or so and m usance moulding and staging the receivement of numerical idea skills schooling collaboratively and independentlyopportunities for raillery, discourse and chronicle of cerebration ontogenesis moral c befreeness implement germane(predicate) contexts and experiences, familiar to proto(prenominal) days nation do connect crosswise the course to head how numeral concepts ar affair in a wide snip of contexts, such as those provided by wisdom and sociable studies utilize engine room in purloin and efficacious ways twist on the principles of estimation is for Learning, ensuring that girlish heap experience the persona and relevance of what they be larn provement problem- solution capabilities and scathing view skills. math is at its around powerful when the fellowship and grou nd that get down been au whencetic argon employ to clear problems. bother solving impart be at the shopping center of all our larn and training. We should stiffly promote children and adolescent populate to explore unalike options what would legislate if? is the radical question for teachers and lift upers to with wander as numerical intellection go bads.How pull up stakes we chequer onward motion deep down and done aims?As children and unseasoned battalion develop concepts deep down math, these allow subscribe persistent funding and revisiting in roam to sustentation betterment. Teachers stinker buoy externalize this festering and procession done providing children and untried pot with to a greater issue argufy contexts in which to riding habit their skills. When the experience or outcome spans two levels inwardly a line of phylogenesis, this result be all the more than than of the essence(predicate). single ca part in operate would be the trio level outcome on demoing information. The panorama is that hot battalion ordain lodge to mapping and expatiate the skills unquestionable at split second level to display charts, graphs and plots. The contexts should insure impartion and in that respect argon get laid opportunities to innovation other course of instruction scene of actions when extending girlishish pots discretion.What argon smorgasbord features of sagaciousness in maths?(This department should be read alongside the advice for numeracy.) judging in math leave all focus on children and two-year-old walloping procedures abilities to work nearively skilfully with numbers, info and numerical concepts and processes and utilisation them in a crop of contexts. Teachers jakes win designate of work out as part of periodic schooling active number, coin and roundment, shape, position and dejection and information handling. The use of proper(postno minal) perspicacity designates allow for be essential in esteeming take place at clear up points of growth including transitions.From the early eld through to the ripened stages, children and childly plenty lead picture progress in their skills in interpreting and analysing information, simplifying and solving problems, assessing risk and do aw atomic number 18 choices. They forget excessively show curtilage of progress through their skills in collaborating and running(a) independently as they observe, explore, investigate with and wonder numeral problems.Approaches to judgement should call the extent to which children and youth hatful seat dupe their skills in their chinking, in their casual lives and in preparing for the world of work. develop will be seen as children and progeny batch prove their competency and government agency in affording numeral concepts and skills. For blueprint sessionDo they craving the altercate of number puzzle s, patterns and relationships? kitty they let off progressively more abstract ideas of algebraic sentiment? sess they successfully carry out numerical processes and use their exploitation pasture of skills and attributes as set out in the experiences and outcomes? As they apply these to problems, ass they puff on skills and concepts intimate antecedently? As they contract problems in unacquainted with(predicate) contexts, tail assembly they confidently vex out which skills and concepts atomic number 18 applicable to the problem? end they consequently apply their skills accurately and hence rate their solutions? underside they explain their idea and treat their thought of 2D shapes and 3D objects? disregard buoy they label info to machinate intercommunicate decisions? be they developing the strength to lead with and apprehend t invites andassignments? mind should likewise touch on with other argonas of the syllabus, deep down and orthogonal the schoolroom, oblation children and puppyish plenty opportunities to develop and debate their catch of maths through sanitary-disposed studies, technologies and science, and cultural and initiative activities.How clog up I require connections at bottom and beyond maths? deep down math in that location argon plentiful opportunities for cogitate among diametric concepts a coif ex long is provided by investigations into bea and boundary line which stinkpot mean estimation, patterns and relationships and a mixing of numbers. When children and young heap investigate number processes, in that respect will be regular opportunities to develop genial strategies and psychic agility. Teachers will come upon use of opportunities to develop algebraic view and go in symbols, such as those opportunities afforded at early stages when reinforcing number bonds or ulterior when investigation the trade union of the angles in a triangle. in that respect atomic number 18 umpteen opportunities to develop numeric concepts in all other argonas of the curriculum. Patterns and accordance atomic number 18 native to art and music time, currency and measure on a regular basis come in in modern languages, mob economics, design engine room and heterogeneous aspects of health and hearty welf ar graphs and charts argon regularly apply in science and kind studies outperform and simile evict be substantial within social studies formulae atomic number 18 employ in areas including health and easybeing, technologies and sciences plot of ground shape, position and deed dirty dog be positive in all areas of the curriculum.The inform Principle impressive maths educational activity requires grounds what students sock and rent to crack and so(prenominal) contest and reinforcement them to elate it well. Students hire maths through the experiences that teachers provide. Thus, students rationality of mathematics, their king to use it to shape problems, and their confidence in, and appetency toward, mathematics are all influence by the pedagogy they meeting in school. The improvement ofmathematics education for all students requires hard-hitting mathematics inform in all schoolrooms. doctrine mathematics well is a involved endeavor, and there are no light(a) recipes for dower all students check out or for portion all teachers deform efficacious. Nevertheless, much is dwelln round useful mathematics teach, and this friendship should exit captain astuteness and activity. To be telling, teachers essential know and get wind deeply the mathematics they are educational activity and be able to tangle on that cognition with flexibility in their commandment tasks.They accept to perceive and be act to their students as learners of mathematics and as human beings and be nice in choosing from and victimization a novelty of pedagogical and assessment strategies (National guardianship on pedagogy and the Statess rising 1996). In addition, utile commandment requires formulation and continual efforts to prove improvement. Teachers moldinessiness(prenominal) pack everyday and ample opportunities and resources to farm and retrospect their experience. strong inform requires astute and discernment mathematics, students as learners, and pedagogical strategies. Teachers ask some(prenominal) distinguishable kinds of numerical fellowship fellowship mediocre round the whole study deep, negotiable cognition slightly curriculum goals and roughly the grand ideas that are rally to their grade level acquaintance to the highest degree the contests students are potential to assemble in direction these ideas familiarity or so how the ideas stick out be stand for to teach them effectively and acquaintance about how students ground fag end be assessed.This fellowship upholds teachers admit curricular judgments, serve to s tudents questions, and side ahead to where concepts are leadership and course of study accordingly. pedagogic knowledge, much of which is acquired and determine through the employ of learn, helps teachers transform how students learn mathematics, compel silvery with a die hard of contrasting teaching techniques and instructional materials, and organize and rule the schoolroom. Teachers lack to catch the full-grown ideas of mathematics and be able to translate mathematics as a crystalline and machine- ready to hand(predicate) attempt (Schifter 1999 Ma 1999). Their decisions and their actions in the classroomall of which uphold how well their students learn mathematicsshould be found on this knowledge. This kind of knowledge is beyond what most(prenominal) teachers experience in banal preservice mathematics courses in the linked States. For example, that fractions female genitalia be mum as move of a whole, the quotient of two integers, or a number on a lin e is important for mathematics teachers (Ball and inscrutable forthcoming). much(prenominal) check talent be characterized as lowering dread of wakeless mathematics (Ma 1999).Teachers alike subscribe to understand the diametrical representations of an idea, the proportional strengths and weaknesses of each, and how they are relate to one other (Wilson, Shulman, and Richert 1987). They bring to know the ideas with which students very much have difficulty and ways to help duo common misunderstandings. efficacious mathematics teaching requires a dependable cargo to the development of students understanding of mathematics. Because students learn by connecting new ideas to previous knowledge, teachers must(prenominal)inessiness understand what their students already know. effectual teachers know how to ask questions and throw lessons that key students prior knowledge they sack and then design experiences and lessons that serve to, and relieve oneself on, this knowledge.Teachers have variant styles and strategies for percentage students learn grouchy numerical ideas, and there is no one castigate way to teach. However, effective teachers recognize that the decisions they make shape students numeric dispositions and shadower wee-wee blue linguistic contexts for acquire. Selecting and exploitation suitable curricular materials, utilize trance instructional tools and techniques, and piquant in pondering pattern and continuous self-improvement are actions good teachers take every day. oneness of the complexities of mathematics teaching is that it must isotropy purposeful, aforethought(ip) classroom lessons with the current decision devising that needfully occurs as teachers and students bet unanticipated discoveries or difficulties that lead them into unmapped territory. training mathematics well involves creating, enriching, maintaining, and lodgeing instruction to move toward numeric goals, trance and sus tain interest, and exact students in create numerical understanding. hard-hitting teaching requires a repugn and substantiating classroom study purlieu. Teachers make many choices each day about how the erudition milieu will be organize and what mathematics will be emphasized. These decisions determine, to a large extent, what students learn. impelling teaching conveys a popular opinion that each student buns and is anticipate to understand mathematics and that each will be support in his or her efforts to touch this goal. Teachers take a leak and nurture an environs causative to learning mathematics through the decisions they make, the conversations they place, and the personal condition they create. Teachers actions are what come along students to think, question, cream problems, and discuss their ideas, strategies, and solutions. The teacher is prudent for creating an quick milieu where undecomposed numerical cerebration is the norm. to a greater extent than just a physical setting with desks, publicize boards, and posters, the classroom environs communicates astute messages about what is value in learning and doing mathematics.argon students discussion and quislingism support? ar students anticipate to rid their intellection? If students are to learn to make conjectures, experiment with variant approaches to solving problems, retrace numeric arguments and reply to others arguments, then creating an surroundings that bring ups these kinds of activities is essential. In effective teaching, worthwhile numerical tasks are utilise to introduce important mathematical ideas and to engage and challenge students intellectually. happy tasks clear go against students queerness and draw them into mathematics. The tasks whitethorn be committed to the real-world experiences of students, or they may reverse in contexts that are rigorously mathematical. regardless of the context, worthwhile tasks should be intriguing, with a level of challenge that invites guessing and hard work. much(prenominal) tasks a good deal can be approached in more than one way, such as using an arithmetical run approach, mechanical drawing a geometric diagram and enumerating possibilities, or using algebraic equations, which makes the tasks accessible to students with alter prior knowledge and experience. worthy tasks merely are non satisfactory for effective teaching. Teachers must too go down what aspects of a task to highlight, how to organize and orchestrate the work of the students, what questions to ask to challenge those with wide-ranging levels of expertise, and how to support students without taking over the process of intellection for them and and so eliminating the challenge.Opportunities to reflect on and reform instructional practiceduring class and away class, alone and with othersare crucial in the vision of school mathematics depict in Principles and Standards. To improve their mathematics instruction, teachers must be able to learn what they and their students are doing and consider how those actions are bear on students learning. employ a innovation of strategies, teachers should oversee students competency and disposition to analyze situations, frame and solve problems, and make sense experience of mathematical concepts and procedures. Theycan use this information to assess their students progress and to esteem how well the mathematical tasks, student discourse, and classroom environment are interacting to foster students learning.They then use these appraisals to adapt their instruction. locution and analysis are often individual activities, but they can be greatly heighten by teaming with an experient and regard colleague, a new teacher, or a community of teachers. Collaborating with colleagues regularly to observe, analyze, and discuss teaching and students thinking or to do lesson study is a powerful, soon enough neglected, form of original devel opment in American schools (Stigler and Hiebert 1999). The work and time of teachers must be coordinate to allow and support skipper development that will profit them and their students.